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Starting a Business in Ireland

Ireland is one of the best places in Europe to start a business — low corporation tax, a skilled workforce, and strong government supports. Here's how to get set up legally and efficiently.

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Sole trader vs limited company

The two most common business structures in Ireland are sole trader and private limited company (Ltd).

Sole trader — the simplest structure. You register your business name (if different from your own name) with the CRO, register with Revenue as self-employed, and pay income tax, PRSI, and USC on your profits via self-assessment. You have unlimited personal liability — your personal assets can be at risk if the business has debts.

Private limited company (Ltd) — a separate legal entity. Profits are taxed at the corporate rate (12.5% on trading income). Directors pay income tax on salaries. Provides limited liability protection — your personal assets are generally protected. More administrative overhead (annual CRO returns, audited accounts above certain thresholds). Usually advisable once annual turnover exceeds ~€80,000 or if you want to limit personal liability.

Registering as a sole trader

  1. If trading under a name other than your own, register a business name with the CRO at cro.ie (€20 fee)
  2. Register as self-employed with Revenue via myAccount — select "Register for Self Assessment"
  3. You'll be assigned a tax registration number and must file a Form 11 income tax return each year (deadline: 31 October or mid-November for ROS users)

Registering a limited company

Register through the CRO at cro.ie (€50 online fee). You'll need a company name, registered office address in Ireland, at least one director (who must be EEA-resident — or take out a non-EEA bond if no EEA director), and a company secretary. Once registered, apply to Revenue for corporation tax, employer PAYE, and VAT registration as required.

VAT registration

You must register for VAT if your annual turnover exceeds €37,500 (services) or €75,000 (goods). You can register voluntarily below these thresholds. Standard VAT rate in Ireland is 23%; reduced rates apply to certain goods and services. Register through Revenue's myAccount or ROS.

Business supports

  • Local Enterprise Offices (LEOs) — free mentoring, training, and grants for small businesses. Every county has one.
  • Enterprise Ireland — for businesses with export potential and growth ambitions
  • MicroFinance Ireland — loans of €2,000–€25,000 for micro-enterprises that can't access bank finance
  • SURE (Start Up Refunds for Entrepreneurs) — income tax refund scheme for people leaving employment to start a business

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